Infographic: Quantitative Easing or Debt Monetisation?

The US election this month has reignited the debate about the Federal Reserve’s role as a central bank and lender of last resort. Critics of the Fed have questioned whether the expansionary policies introduced by Fed chairman Ben Bernanke since 2008 have had any material effect on the recovery other than driving the country further into debt. Others argue that the Fed’s crisis response has been too slow – they point to unemployment levels that indicate the economy has a long way to go before output reaches its full potential.

To facilitate this discussion, Saxo Capital Markets UK has released an infographic outlining the Federal Reserve’s crisis response, as part of its new #FXdebates series. Click here to enlarge the image. 

You are welcome to download the infographic and share it with your network. 

The US government issues Treasuries to finance its spending and the central bank purchases them with money it creates, leading to a higher supply of dollars in the system. In other words, the US government’s deficit is financed by printing dollars and the debt issued by the Treasury ends up in the hands of the Fed.

The Fed’s balance sheet keeps expanding - it has almost tripled in size since 2008 - and government borrowing costs have hit new lows. The Federal government’s debt is therefore cheaper and cheaper to service, meaning there is no incentive to pay it back, preventing the necessary adjustments in the economy. The increase in the money supply also risks spurring inflation and devaluing the USD.

There is also the question of who will be at Fed’s helm next year, as the departure of Ben Bernanke could have massive implications for USD.

For Saxo Capital Market UK’s full perspective on USD, join the #FXdebates here and download a free copy of Saxo Capital Market UK's new eBook.